Gadolinium

Symbol

Gd

Atomic number

64

Atomic mass	152.25		Thermal conductivity	0.106
Atomic radius	2.54		Covalent radius	1.61
Density	7.89		Atomic volume	19.9
Melting point	1585		Oxidation states	3
Boiling point	3539		Stable isotopes	7
Heat of vapor.	359.4		Electronegativity	1.2
Heat of fusion	10.05		First ionization	6.15
Specific heat	0.23		Electrical conduct.	...

Electron configuration

Gadolinium

As a member of the fourteen member lanthanide series, this element has few properties which distinguish it from the other members of the series. All of them along with lanthanum, yttrium, and scandium occur in very small quantities in nature. The usual source is the mineral monazite, or monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates containing also some thorium phosphate.

Some gadolinium compounds are strongly paramagnetic. Compounds such as gadolinium sulfate octahydrate, Gd2(SO4)3 . 8 H2O, are used in the magnetic method of obtaining extremely low temperatures.

Gadolinium Nuclear Data